Open-ended question

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An open-ended question is a question that cannot be answered with a "yes" or "no" response, or with a static response. Open-ended questions are phrased as a statement which requires a longer response. The response can be compared đồ sộ information that is already known đồ sộ the questioner.^[1]

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Examples[edit]

Examples of open-ended questions include:

Tell bầm about your relationship with your supervisor.
How tự you see your future?
Tell bầm about the children in this photograph.
What is the purpose of government?
Why did you choose that answer?

In education[edit]

The received wisdom in education is that open questions are broadly speaking 'good' questions. They invite students đồ sộ give longer responses that demonstrate their understanding. They are preferable đồ sộ closed questions (i.e. one that demands a yes/no answer) because they are better for discussions or enquiries, whereas closed questions are only good for testing.

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Peter Worley argues that this is a false assumption. This is based on Worley's central arguments that there are two different kinds of open and closed questions: grammatical and conceptual. He argues that educational practitioners should be aiming for questions that are "grammatically closed, but conceptually open".^[2] For example, in standard parlance, 'is it ever right đồ sộ lie?' would be regarded as a closed question: it elicits a yes/no response. Significantly, however, it is conceptually open. Any initial yes/no answer đồ sộ it can be 'opened up' by the questioner ('why tự you think that?,' 'Could there be an instance where that's not the case?), inviting elaboration and enquiry.

This grammatically closed but cognitively open style of questioning, Worley argues, "gives [educators] the best of both worlds: the focus and specificity of a closed question (this, after all, is why teachers use them) and the inviting, elaborating character of an open question".^[3] Closed questions, simply require 'opening up' strategies đồ sộ ensure that conceptually open questions can fulfil their educational potential.

Worley's structural and semantic distinction between open and closed questions is integral đồ sộ his pedagogical invention 'Open Questioning Mindset', or OQM. OQM refers đồ sộ the development, in educators, of an open attitude towards the process of learning and the questioning at the heart of that process. It is a mind-set that is applicable đồ sộ all subject areas and all pedagogical environments. Teachers who develop an Open Questioning Mindset listen openly for the cognitive nội dung of student's contributions and looks for ways đồ sộ use what is given for learning opportunities, whether right, wrong, relevant or apparently irrelevant. OQM encourages a style of pedagogy that values genuine enquiry in the classroom. It provides teachers with the tools đồ sộ move beyond what Worley calls 'guess what's in my head' teaching, that relies on closed and leading questions.^[4]^[5]